19 August 2022

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Implant surfaces treated with laser: is this a solution to improve fibroblastic adhesion?

Massimo Gagliani

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The osteointegration process has always interested researchers, both to make this phase more reliable, and to determine a faster ossification of the peri-implant tissues.In this sense, numerous modifications have been proposed to the surfaces of titanium, the main constituent of the current osseointegrated implants. The use of the Laser to condition the same is not new, but the research in question provides an interesting method. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 
In an in vitro study, 28 titanium implants were divided into 4 groups: in three groups the surface was conditioned through the use of Laser (Erbium), one served as a control. The three groups were conditioned by subjecting the laser irradiation system:
Group A: unidirectional,
Group B: bidirectional (crosswise),
Group C: tri-directional (star-shaped). 
The samples were analyzed, to check their surface characteristics, using a profilometer.The samples were inserted in a specific cultural broth to facilitate the colonization of the surfaces by fibroblasts. The effectiveness of their adhesion was verified with vitality tests and structural analyzes in electron microscopy. 

RESULTS
Laser action decreases surface roughness. It was lower in the groups where the Laser action was multi-directional. 
In group C, the one in which the Laser treatment was performed in three directions, the adhesion of fibroblasts was greater and more effective.

CONCLUSIONS 
The treatment of dental implant surfaces can be an excellent method to promote fibroblastic adhesion in the early stages of the osseointegration process. Irradiation mode can be an important factor in making this process faster and more effective. 

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 
One of the greatest risks - in the process of osseointegration - is that linked to maintaining it over time; the treated titanium surfaces have shown greater susceptibility to bacterial colonization, while favoring fibroblastic adhesion.A surface treatment that reduces surface roughness but favors fibroblastic adhesion could be the keystone of this process.

For additional informations: 
The effect of Laser with Different Parameters and Crosshatching on Fibroblast Adhesion and Proliferation to Implant Surfaces