06 February 2023

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GIS-based study of dental accessibility, caries in Japanese children

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Objective

This study aimed to reveal the geographic accessibility of dental clinics for most municipalities in Japan in 2015 and to explore the association between dental accessibility and dental caries status in three-year-old children.

Methods

The authors computed the accessibility index and related rate for the population outside a one-km radius of dental clinics using a geographic information system. Scientists also used spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran's I statistic) to examine the spatial clustering patterns of dental accessibility in Japanese municipalities. In addition, the team adjusted the prevalence of dental caries for most municipalities using empirical Bayesian estimation. Finally, they applied multiple linear regression to scrutinize the associations between dental caries status, including the prevalence of dental caries and decayed and filled teeth (dft), and dental accessibility, with adjustments made for other sociodemographic variables.

Results

The distribution of dental accessibility in Japanese municipalities is relatively unequal. Dental accessibility is decent in the three metropolitan areas around Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya but poor in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions. In addition, dental accessibility is significantly related to the prevalence of dental caries and dft after adjusting for other sociodemographic variables (P < .005).

Conclusions

This study suggests that dental accessibility is considerably connected to the dental caries status of three-year-old children after excluding financial burden. Preschool children in areas with poor dental accessibility are likely to have poor dental caries status. Researchers also verified the inequality of dental accessibility amongst Japanese municipalities. For the future development of primary oral health care, more attention should be paid to people with a disadvantage in terms of dental accessibility.

ZheqiHuang et al. "GIS-Based Study of Dental Accessibility and Caries in 3-Year-Old Japanese Children." International Dental Journal. 6 December 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.002