11 March 2024

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Hypertension and dental implants

Lara Figini

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The prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30 to 79 in 2019 was 32% in women and 34% in men, making it one of the most common chronic medical conditions worldwide and a leading cause of premature death in Worldwide. Persistent hypertension without proper treatment can lead to angina, heart attacks, heart failure, irregular heartbeat, stroke, kidney damage, heart damage, and sudden death. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that this condition causes adverse effects on bone health due to its connection with many biochemical and physiological factors. Hypertension can also have a negative effect on the microvascular system, its remodeling and angiogenesis. The effects of hypertension on bone metabolism and angiogenesis have raised questions regarding the condition that represents a risk for oral rehabilitation with dental implants, as these two processes are important for the osseointegration process and the long-term maintenance of the implants in the bone.

Materials and methods

In a very recent systematic review, published on Journal of Clinical Medicine, the authors investigated the influence of hypertension on the failure rate of dental implants. The authors carried out an electronic bibliographic search using four databases, plus a manual search. The I2 statistic was used to test for heterogeneity, and the inverse variance method was used for the meta-analysis. The relative effect estimate for the dichotomous outcome was expressed as odds ratio (OR).

Results

This review included 24 publications. 4874 implants (257 failures) were inserted in hypertensive patients and 16,192 implants (809 failures) in normotensive patients. A pairwise meta-analysis showed that implants in hypertensive patients had no higher risk of failure than implants placed in normotensive patients (OR 1.100, p = 0.671). The log OR of implant failure among hypertensive and normotensive patients did not change significantly with various follow-up times (p = 0.824).

Conclusions

From the data of this study, which must be confirmed in other similar studies, it can be concluded that implants in hypertensive patients are not more likely to fail than in normotensive patients.

Bibliography

Hypertension and Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liljan Hamadé, Salma El-Disoki and Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020499